and 6 p.m."Īs for naturally late-rising teenagers, Fischer said there is a solution: Push school start times an hour or two later. "Earlier employees may prefer to start at 7, while later ones may like to start at 10, essentially staffing the time between 7 a.m. "Flexible working-time arrangements with core work hours can accommodate different chronotypes, maintain productivity and foster teamwork while increasing the period of employees present in the office," she told Live Science. Altering shift times to accommodate natural sleep patterns could benefit both employers and employees, Fisher said. Working in shifts outside of normal hours has been linked to increased risks of obesity, diabetes, cancer, heart disease and even decline in brain function. When people are scheduled to work during hours when they would normally be sleeping according to their biological clocks, their health can suffer. workforce have jobs that involve nighttime hours, or rotating or extended shifts, according to data from the 2010 National Health Interview Survey. That people's inner clocks range so widely, by up to 10 hours, creates "botha challenge and opportunity in a 24/7 society," the authors wrote. Before age 40, men typically have later chronotypes than women, then after age 40, men's biological clocks shift earlier than women's. Men and women also showed some differences, the research found. As people age, differences in sleep patterns narrow, the study found. People's sleep patterns varied most widely from person to person during adolescence, with the biggest differences found among thosebetween the ages 15 and 25. For comparison, the average midpoint of sleep in 60-year-olds was 3 a.m. and 4:15 a.m., while 25 percent of the sample showed sleep midpointsearlier than that windowand 25 percent showed midpoints after that window.Īs many might expect, later sleep chronotypes were most common among teenagers, peaking in17-to 19-year-olds, who had an average chronotype, or midpoint of sleep, of 4:30 a.m. The researchers found that the overall distribution of sleep types formed a fairly predictable bell curve: 50 percent of the population had sleep midpoints fall between 2:24 a.m. The team used data only from the weekends, when school or work shifts were less likely to impose wake times. So, for an 8-hour night of sleep, if a person falls asleep at midnight and wakes at 8 a.m., that individual's sleep chronotype would be 4 a.m. The researchers defined each person's chronotype by the midpoint of the individual's sleep session: the halfway point between the time he or she nods off and the time the person wakes up. The investigators looked at self-reported data that was gathered from 2003 to 2014 from nearly 54,000 respondents, ages 15 to 64, who participated in a government survey called the American Time Use Survey. In the study, the researchers wanted to analyze the distribution of sleep chronotypes among the U.S.
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